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- Germany.

The commercial maps of the time also owe a great deal to Germany, the birthplace of some of the most renowned firms in Europe and where the atlas publishing industry often worked with plates from other European houses. Some well known names are Johann Baptist Homann and Sons, some examples of which are housed in the Military Archives of Sweden (133, 134, 135, 136, 137), Gabriel Bodenehr (138), J.J. Ramberger (139) Franz Nikolaus Rolffsen (140), D.F. Sotzmann (141), Matthäus Merian (142, 143, 144) and Johannes Christian Marchand (145, 146).

- France.

The French school is the best represented in the Swedish archive, with numerous testimonies referring to the Iberian Peninsula, the work of eminent cartographers and renowned geographers who produced and published a large amount of material compiled in popular publications. As in other countries, there were also family dynasties of commercial cartographers in France, where the business was private and independent from the Absolutist State, in spite of the need for a royal license to sell maps. Based on their own merits, the French attained a place of honour in European cartography, and were the first to apply scientific map making methods. Their determination to work with confirmable data and the interest they showed in reviewing and correcting errors created an example to be followed by other nations, which soon adopted their methods. One fundamental boost was